ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Se ha observado un aumento en la popularidad de las dietas vegetarianas, en especial en la población adolescente y adulto joven. Estas dietas se presentan como saludables y balanceadas pero las recomendaciones son controversiales en cuanto a los potenciales déficit nutricionales. OBJETIVO: Identificar la frecuencia y tipos de dieta vegetariana utilizada, su motivación y fuentes de información. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio transversal y analítico en universitarios de primer año de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC). Se realizó una encuesta vía online obteniendo información demográfica y caracterización de dietas de aquellos que se consideraban vegetarianos. Las variables fueron analizadas mediante el software IDM SPSS Statistics® y en planilla Excel® de forma cuantitativa. RESULTADOS: 152 alumnos respondieron la encuesta (15,2% del total), siendo el 49,4% de estos vegetariano. El 32,4% inició este patrón alimentario entre los 12-18 años; sus motivaciones más frecuentes fueron las medio ambientalistas (91,9%) y animalistas (72,9%). El 52,9% de los vegetarianos reciben suplementación de vitamina b 12 pero solo un 15,9% reportó presentar este déficit. El 75,7% obtiene información relacionada acerca de las dietas vegetarianas a través de medios digitales. CONCLUSIÓN: Se encontró un alto porcentaje de estudiantes vegetarianos en las encuestas contestadas, lo que hace necesario que los profesionales de salud estén capacitados en esta área para asegurar una adecuada educación nutricional, suplementación si es necesario, y seguimiento.
INTRODUCTION: There has been an increase in the popularity of vegetarian diets, especially among adolescents and young adults. These diets seem to be healthy and balanced, but the recommendations are contro versial regarding potential nutritional deficits. OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency and types of ve getarian diet used, their motivation, and sources of information. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sec tional analytical study in freshmen students from the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (PUC). Through an online survey, we collected demographic information and diet characterization of those who considered themselves as vegetarians. Variables were analyzed using IDM SPSS Statistics® soft ware and in Excel® spreadsheet in a quantitative way. RESULTS: 152 students answered the survey (15.2% of the sample) and, out of these, 49.4% were vegetarian. 32.4% started this eating pattern bet ween the ages 12 and 18 and among their most frequent motivations were environmentalists (91.9%) and animalists (72.9%). 52.9% of vegetarians take vitamin B 12 supplementation but only 15.9% reported having this deficiency. 75.7% obtain information related to vegetarian diets through digital media. CONCLUSION: In the surveys answered, we found a high percentage of vegetarian students, the refore, health professionals need to be trained in this area to assure adequate nutritional education, supplementation if necessary, and follow-up.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Diet, Vegetarian/psychology , Diet, Vegetarian/statistics & numerical data , Health Behavior , Students/psychology , Universities , Diet, Vegetarian/adverse effects , Diet, Vegetarian/methods , Vitamin B 12/therapeutic use , Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/etiology , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/prevention & control , Chile , Diet Surveys , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Serial Cross-Sectional Studies , Dietary Supplements , MotivationABSTRACT
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is the psychiatric illness with the highest mortality, especially if it is associated with psychiatric and somatic comorbidity. Medical complications can be multiple and jeopardize the normal development of children and adolescents, even permanently. Although its prevalence is lower compared with other psychiatric disorders, its tendency to chronicity and the severity of its consequences are remarkable. Although outpatient treatment of anorexia is privileged as far as possible, the risks associated with poor response to treatment or lack of adherence of the patient or family, require the possibility of hospitalization at any time of the disease. We searched and analyzed the national and international literature available (especially clinical guidelines) about the indication for hospital treatment in AN and the interventions recognized as necessary and effective during hospitalization. Despite the lack of standardized criteria for hospitalization, the available information converge on the need for a multidisciplinary work by a specialist team, to make family interventions especially in adolescents and tailor treatment according to the individual physical, psychological and social needs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis , Anorexia Nervosa/therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Hospitalization , Guidelines as TopicABSTRACT
Background: There is a higher prevalence of eating disorders (ED) among adolescent females. These are less common in men and there are clinical differences between genders. Aim: To describe the clinical features of adolescent males with ED. Material and Methods: Review of 38 medical records of male patients with ED seen in an ED Unit in Chile, between 2001 and 2009. Results: Mean age at first medical visit was 14.4 ± 2.2 years. Symptoms appeared 9.5 ± 8.9 months prior to the first visit. Anorexia Nervosa (AN) of the restricting type was diagnosed in 21 patients (55.2 percent), with a mean weight loss of 11.2 kg ± 9.4 kg. In 37 percent of patients, there was a past medical history of overweight. All patients either increased or maintained weight during follow up. Sixty three percent had a psychiatric co-morbidity at first visit. After 3 months of treatment, 82 percent of patients remained in the program. Conclusions: There was a delay in diagnosis of ED in men. The high prevalence of AN found in this group is characteristic of patients recently diagnosed with ED. Overweight could be a precipitating factor. Nearly two thirds of male ED patients had a psychiatric comorbidity. This high prevalence may suggest a susceptibility to develop ED in males.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Male , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Body Mass Index , Chile , Delayed Diagnosis , Feeding and Eating Disorders/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Shock, Hemorrhagic/diagnosis , Encephalitis/diagnosis , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
La infección por parásitos intestinales es un problema que el médico enfrenta frecuentemente. Muchas veces ocurre por más de un parásito, siendo útil tener alternativas de tratamiento único para dos o más agentes. Se revisarán los parásitos más frecuentes en el niño y su tratamiento